Well talk more about this later. (I confess I skimmed through parts) Therefore, if line of reasoning interests you, you can read more here. However, real Textual Criticism with a set of rules still must be applied. The relevant portion says: Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum: in quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus, (Roughly Translated: so you hold the text, now received by all, in which nothing (is) corrupt.). That her iniquity is pardoned; One of Alands rules for Textual Criticism is: The venerable maxim lectio brevior lectio potior (the shorter reading is the more probable reading) is certainly right in many instances. I have to say that spiritually, I agree with your Spoiler Alert and recommendations before I even read them The Holy Spirit truly guides us into all truth! Have you even attempted to understand the woman taken in adultery? (You can look at several here.) Followers 0 . However, to simply say their Critical Text is bad because of their personal views is problematic. Get up into the high mountain; The TR had the singular in 1550 but was changed to the plural in the 1894 TR. However, that not necessarily the case. On page 78 ofThe King James Only Controversy, author James White states: Once a variant reading appears in a manuscript, it doesnt simply go away. Whatever may be thought of it, it is a book that one is proud to be contemporary with My feeling is strong that the theory is unanswerable. But who knows what other historical activities were involved with the disappearance of NT Greek MSS and that what we have today truly represents the quality copies that were made? Further, we have relatively few Western text type manuscripts. Cule). Most people who hold the Confessional Position would say that a Bible from other Greek texts (such as the Majority Text or Critical Text) contain the scriptures, just not all of them. I didnt ask if you thought God could preserve it, I asked which manuscript *that we have* do you think is inerrant? Lets say that the five original copies each had five copies made of them, all made by faithful scribes. First, it is not possible and you provide no possible logic to support such. Further, all of these manuscripts which can be called the Textus Receptus contain unique readings not found in any other manuscripts whatsoever. Hopefully you found it useful, complete, and you now have a good understanding of Textual Criticism. I currently hold a KJV only position, but am curious as to whether other versions dont speak as much to sin or disregard significant doctrine? I am wondering about your opinion of Wilbur Pickering and his stand on Family 35. Is this true? I know what you will say, because its your go-to answer to all your critics, Show me the inerrant text! So you start with the human evidence, not with faith in Gods promises. Thanks again! There is some evidence that Westcott & Hort didnt have a high opinion of the Bible. One of the major arguments against the Majority Text by those who prefer the Critical text is the accusation that scribes added the extra content. that errors never disappear but instead are copied down through the generations. The way I see it Jesus is the only 100% true word of God and I need to rely on His Holy Spirit to guide me every time I open the Bible. I want to give the men knowledge without taking a side (although I certainly have my own preference). I think that it is time for the WEB to pick up the mantle of the ASV. There are definitely places in the Textus Receptus that are wrong, and we know this from manuscripts weve found that they didnt have access to then, but overall its a very good document. You should keep your mouth shut. The too lively satisfaction which I had displayed had aroused their suspicions as to the value of this manuscript. . Further, the Bible doesnt live or abide because its a book. So, in short, the humanist way of analyzing is starting from the human and moving to God. Under ordinary circumstances, they will never be able to outnumber the scribes who tried to be faithful. It starts with God and His promises and moves down to man. Weve been super busy. He also was responsible for the publication of Ruth in the Biblia Hebraica Quinta: General Introduction and Megilloth fascicle. And every mountain and hill brought low; He used the mathematical structure of Greek to figure out which variants were the original using the Weston Hort as a reference. I really appreciate your article, Hi Author, Now, I think they are overstating the case slightly (as youll see when we look at Codex Sinaiticus). The result is called a Critical Text. In both classical and NT traditions there thus seems to be a scribal continuity of a basic standard text which remained relatively stable, preserved by the unforced action of copyists through the centuries who merely copied faithfully the text which lay before them. Pietersma, Albert and Wright, Benjamin. (almost perfect, and with small changes in word order for improved readability): But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressionsit is by grace you have been saved. However, it is also important to consider the nature of those differences. First, remember that the worst manuscript at the 5th generation has exactly and only 5 mistakes (one added every generation). I believe God is still preserving His Word today! The root of this is an error in translation, as well see in a moment. . Do you believe that there is no church in the whole world that actually has the preserved Word of God? I recommend my article: A Few Fun Things About Biblical (Koine) Greek since I have some resources at the end which should help. The other six occurrences in 1 Corinthians, including verse 10, all refer to the head as the body part that rests on the shoulders. Its titled: In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture by Alister McGrath. I believe she got more. We have to assume that the original was a medium [= vulgate] text The longer texts were gradually shaken out: leads us to assume a medium text or vulgate in existence during the whole time of the hand-transmission of Homer, This consideration revives the view that the Homeric vulgate was in existence before the Alexandrian period [Such]. Theres good evidence that he had more manuscripts to choose from, but decided to use only those 7 (presumably because they were of the best quality, but we dont know for sure). These singular reading disappeared, never to be seen again. there are only 2 streams of bible versions, the true text of the textus receptus (majority text) on which the king james version is based, and those which picked up the alexandrian manuscripts (minority text), the codex alexandrian, codex sinaiticus and codex vaticanus which have been shown to have deleted and changed many parts of the text and The Septuagint is older than the Masoretic text, was the version of the Old Testament quoted in the New Testament and is accepted by the Church as its official version. My issue is with what I feel, based on your obvious biblical knowledge and intelligence, is a purposeful ignoring of the Holy Ghosts practice of making statements that have multiple and equally valid applications or truths when dealing with passages on the word words and Christ. It is amazingly accurate and when there is a problem, the solution is well worth searching out from God. Lift up your voice with strength, Most often, they are simple scribal errors. Its curious that Codex Vaticanus is given the position of most important when the actual quality of the transcription leaves something to be desired. The longer form of the Homeric text is characterized by popular expansion and scribal improvement; the NT Western text generally is considered the uncontrolled popular text of the second century with similar characteristics. Wow, great article. Lets look at Isaiah 40:8 first. He worked for the University of Toronto from 1951 until his retirement in 1984. 4. Theres a Textual Variant on the word gentle. Thus your eye jumps from This position takes its name from where it starts: a confession of faith. When he finished he had produced an edition of the Greek New Testament which more closely underlies the text of the AV than any one edition of the Textus Receptus. As weve already seen, Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus were certainly of mediocre to poor quality. Source: The Greek New Testament according to the Majority Text, p. xi. Because these manuscripts are so foundational to modern Critical Text, they bear a closer look. Note, all of the above are very similar. Each textual family (or text type) tends to contain similar readings to other manuscripts in its family, but the readings are different from the readings of other textual families. I believe it should be very highly in my humble opinion. A constantly maintained familiarity with New Testament manuscripts themselves is the best training for textual criticism. (Viable = possibly original), So dont worry, your Bible isnt filled with mistakes. It gets rid of archaic words and phrases, provide quotation marks (they were not in the ASV), and resolves textual issues that have appeared after 1901. He says that Erasmus collected manuscripts from all the places he could go universities and monasteries that kept these manuscripts brought them together, and began to collate them till 1516. 11 He will feed His flock like a shepherd; If you do, the Majority Text would look radically different than the mostly pure Byzantine Majority Text that currently comprises the Majority Text. True faith understands the consequence of sin and turns in heart from it. The words of the Lord are pure words, like silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. If you could alter the rules or simply remove the bias against the Byzantine text type Reasoned Eclecticism stands a very good chance of producing the best results. (Each had several editions; Ive only included the relevant ones for clarity). But I find your interpretation of Psalms 12, while correct in a literal sense, wrong in a prophetical sense. They ignored all Byzantine readings and rejected them as being later and therefore not worth looking at. There are good mathematical reasons (which well look at) for this method. Remember their #1 rule was Older is better. My biggest gripe with the TR is that it includes the story of the woman caught in adultery, despite the text of the story itself proving that its not scripture. Do you see the promise of preservation in the Scripture? I want to get as close as possible to the original text. For example, around AD 300, Diocletian burned thousands of Bibles. Thus there were places in which it is unclear what the Greek basis of the New Testament was. However, truly understand these verses, we need to consider the context. Heres the same verse properly translated, in an (unfinished) translation thats fast becoming my favorite. Despite the numerous Textual Variants between them, theres an interesting theory about their origin. In fact, its usually the first place I look for answers on questions relating to Textual Variants. James A. Sanders, founder and president emeritus of the Ancient Biblical . Only the reading which best satisfies the requirements of both external and internal criteria can be original. I think this Bible has been changed significantly in the Revised English Bible (1989) translation to be gender inclusive. Not only do Homers works have more manuscript evidence available than any other piece of classical literature (though far less than that available for the NT), but Homer also is represented by MSS from a wide chronological and geographical range, from the early papyri through the uncials and Byzantine-era minuscules. Ironically, Westcott & Hort recognized this too. What are Gods actual words? From those two options, we can create a list of four types of Textual Variant. However, I would only make that the starting point. Greg Paulson wrote his 2013 thesis on singular readings in the codices Vaticanus (B), Sinaiticus (), Bezae (D), Ephraemi Rescriptus (C), and Washingtonianus (W) in the Gospel of Matthew, and he mentioned how many singular readings i.e., readings that do not recur in any other Greek manuscript each one of these codices has in its text of Matthew. The core message of the gospel isnt compromised in any of these documents. Thats a ~1.4% variation, which is still fairly significant. We have thereby passed beyond purely numerical relations, and the necessity of examining the genealogy of both minority and majority has become apparent. The NEB is an extremely loose paraphrase; even the NIV looks better from the little looking that I did. For example, imagine trying to reconstruct the Greek text by having several different English translations. It goes like this: Please imagine that you were a scribe charged with copying the New Testament. The Textus Receptus, In fact, the most common type of Textual Variant is spelling differences, often a single letter, Combined with the ones that arent meaningful, you have. The voice of one crying in the wilderness: The crooked places shall be made straight, Behold, the Lord God shall come with a strong hand, with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb, For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means, According to Textus Receptus Bibles (.com), there are no less than, A Few Fun Things About Biblical (Koine) Greek. (Sort of). I have some controversial articles for which Id prefer not to be doxxed, so Im going to keep my real name off the website. He found the old testament was accurate. My Bible study group were puzzled that the NKJV Bible ends Matthew 20 with an extra sentence which doesnt appear in the more recent translations: For she has received from the Lords hand ( her own are supplied and not in the original but like the KJV and the NKJV versions makes it clear that the authority or symbolic authority is placed on or over the womans own head). We wont spend much time on these because the Westcott & Hort rules were more influential. The primary authority for a critical textual decision lies with the Greek manuscript tradition, with the version and Fathers serving no more than a supplementary and corroborative function, particularly in passages where their underlying Greek text cannot be reconstructed with absolute certainty. However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, the total number of full disagreements in the 28thedition of. The Textus Receptus below is designed to be usable in Word 97 or higher. However, the picture changes if you include translations into other languages. Textus Receptus readings generally provide stronger doctrine. Im no stranger to this subject but am far from an expert. According to Textus Receptus Bibles (.com), there are no less than 27 different versions of the Textus Receptus! 18 knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver or gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers. Textus Receptus 191 Variations in Scrivener's 1881 Greek New Testament from Beza's 1598 Textus Receptus Books Many Scanned Agros Church Matthew 1:1 Unicorn The Westcott and Hort Only Controversy New King James Version List of Omitted Bible Verses List of Bible verses not included in the ESV Pure Cambridge Edition Ephesians 3:9 EDIT: I finally got around to writing an article on the topic, which you can read here. The definitions and theories were laid out very distinctly and well sourced. Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away. Thats why the overwhelming vast majority of our earliest Greek manuscripts come from one of the driest climates on the planet: Egypt. The Majority Text theory gives an extremely high weight to readings that are supported by the majority of manuscripts. This is my second reading of your article. Is that really a position you want to take? Further and I cant stress this enough there is more to the Majority Text theory than simply counting manuscripts. You can read Tischendorfs entire account of finding it in his own words here. In English the indefinite article a gets an n added when the next word starts with a vowel. Lately, Ive been looking to getting a new Bible anyway because Ive somewhat grown out of my NIV Bible, but Ive been going back and forth trying to figure out if the KJV only idea is legit. There is a big debate over which line of manuscripts the Apostles used. (Youll know this is especially true of Greek if youve read my A Few Fun Things About Biblical (Koine) Greek article) Another example: perhaps one document will only have Christ and another only has Jesus. These types of Textual Variants make up ~24% of all Textual Variants. Thank you for writing this article. (The Masoretic text is the traditional Hebrew text, and contains far fewer textual variants than the New Testament.) Scriveners Textus Receptus is the closest to the Greek text which underlines the KJV. Maybe you should have explained that, out of those manuscripts he consulted, he selected 7-8 fit enough to produce his text. . These divisions arent hard and fast, but rather provide a framework to talk about the different Textual Variants. It seems obvious that the entire thing wasnt going to be burned. I like the textual basis of the TR slightly better, but prefer the NASB95s features and especially its treatment of gender. No other early manuscript of the Christian Bible has been so extensively corrected, They range from the alteration of a single letter to the insertion of whole sentences, That gross blunder, whereby a clause is omitted because it happens to end in the same word as the clause preceding, occurs no less than, Vaticanus has 197 particular readings, while Sinaiticus has 443, together with theCodex Sinaiticus, as they have the same, are the only two manuscripts that share that characteristic, the differences among the manuscripts [of the Gospels] have become great. We can broadly class all Textual Variants into two classes. It has often been stated by Majority Text advocates that good money pushes out bad, and the same principle can be applied to Textual Criticism. He will gather the lambs with His arm, Again, it simply doesnt matter which is original because theres no impact on meaning. I believe in the Ecclesiastical Text, meaning that God never promised to preserve a nebulous number of manuscripts floating around in theological circles. The differences between the two texts are many and important. Its close-ish, but the actual path was slightly more convoluted than that. Further, lets tip this against the Majority Text. 20 He indeed was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you. Those three are probably the most well-known, but there are many more. Its butchered so badly that it almost doesnt even sound like the Bible in places. I am so glad I sat down and read this all the way through! If you forced me to pick one of the three major theories (instead of the blend I prefer) Id pick Reasoned Eclecticism but with a different set of rules. A sad fact of history is that when Christians are persecuted, copies of the Bible are usually caught in the crossfire. Its not your work, its His work. However, the word Ive highlighted in red isnt plural (them); its singular (him). 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: But please how do I study the bible in the Greek language and how to I find the meaning of the words. We must receive the Gospel message under the gracious influence of the Holy Spirit which brings the faith that gives Salvation. The myth of Erasmus back translating is based on a misconstruction (to put it in the kindest possible light) of statements made by Erasmus in his Apologia addressed to Stunica of the Complutensian team, in his Annotations to the Apocalypse, the Book of Revelation, and in his replies to the criticisms of Lee. It goes into just as much depth as this article, and even includes short reviews on the most popular Bible translations at the end.). You found a list provided by a deceiver and copy and pasted. First, I couldnt find an article like this when I went looking so I figured Id have to do the research myself. Vs pregnant woman We can be assured that we have not had to depend on the latest discoveries of the oldest manuscripts, or on the efforts of fallible man to uncover Gods words. But I have met with many whose assurance rested upon strange visions and signs which might be but the likeness of their thoughts and hopes, even as the mirage that shows water in the desert. It has been very helpful! It has significant downsides which well look at after the pro side. I refer you to the following article, quoting the beginning paragraph of the counter-argument: The main source for Bezas New Testament was Robert Estiennes 1550 Greek New Testament. A transmissional approach to textual criticism is not unparalleled. I dont hold to a Confessional Bibliology, I believe they dont actually take their reasoning to its actual logical end. Jesus Christ, Gods only begotten Son, is the Word made flesh that dwelt among us (II Corinthians 5:21; Romans 5:8-9; Romans 3:20-28; Acts 20:28; Romans 5:9; Ephesians 1:7; Colossians 1:14; Colossians 1:20; Ephesians 2:8-10; Revelations 1:5). However, we dont have to guess, as Peter under the Holy Spirits inspiration explicitly applied this passage to Jesus. This video covers a subject that can be strongly debated among some Christians. More importantly, Erasmus references in sundry of his letters some of the manuscripts he used. For example, they it omit the Johanine comma and include the Pericope Adulterae. VIII. One appears to be of mediocre quality, the other of good quality. Some scholars would say he wasnt even middle of the pack. Not only is the parallel between NT transmissional history and that of Homer striking, it would appear that normal scribal activity and transmissional continuity would preserve in most manuscripts not only a very ancient text, but, Origen, the Alexandrian church father in the early third century, said, the extant versional manuscripts are virtually triple the extant Greek manuscripts in number. This isnt altogether uncommon with ancient manuscripts, but it does mean some places represent a 10th or 11th century version, not a 4th century version. Jesus is not the word in John 1 1 because he is not God and he is not creator because of Isaiah 44 24. But the word of our God stands forever.. I want to save you the embarrassment of standing before God having led others astray. The earliest Septuagint manuscripts are from the 2nd century BC. As soon as the numbers of a minority exceed what can be explained by accidental coincidence, their agreement can only be explained on genealogical grounds. Its easy to see how you could end up with a disproportionate number of copies with errors. 7. Theres a wikipedia article, but its wikipedia so take it with a grain of salt. Your misunderstanding of the mysterious yet Biblical spiritual oneness of the Living Word and the written Word baffle me! The term Septuagint, meaning "seventy," actually refers to the seventy-two translatorssix from each tribe of Israelinvolved in translating the Pentateuch from Hebrew to Greek in the third-century BCE (seventy-two is rounded down to seventy, hence the Roman numeral LXX). Same idea. I have only been reading the Bible for a couple months so I probably won't have much use out of the cross-references until I read through a lot. Thank you. It corrects the manuscript errors in the KJV while not letting in the Gnostic influence in manuscripts from Egypt that are used in more modern translations. the KJV] was not translated from any one printed edition of the Greek text. In any event, the fact that Erasmus had only a handful of manuscripts during his preparation of the 1516 edition is irrelevant in regards to the reliability of the text underlying the KJV. One reason could be that something is always lost in translation. The scribes line of sight skips from the first instance of the word text to the second instance of the word text, accidentally skipping everything in between (the red text in the example). Wow! WoW! Meanwhile, North Africa and the East were conquered by Muslims. It bears traces of careless transcription in every page. I appreciate you so much for putting all this work into such an important topic. Anyhow, thanks again for this good primer on the different manuscripts. Yeah, thats a lot; so heres a picture to make sense of it. (NKJV or NASB, though the ESV barely eeks out an acceptable rating if you find the other two are too hard to understand.). Westcott & Hort believed that any place where those two manuscripts agreed: should be accepted as the true readings until strong internal evidence is found to the contrary,. 23 having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever. Later it was taken over by his son, and eventually by Kurt Aland and his wife, along with others. He also says that it uses a different Old Testament text than the KJV. The Alexandrian text is about 5% smaller than the Byzantine text, and there are some differences in words between the two texts. I mean, how arbitrary can you get? He proposed an approach which he calls Equitable Eclecticism which he explained in two articles. And so saying, he took down from the corner of the room a bulky kind of volume, wrapped up in a red cloth, and laid it before me. The NKJV reads: For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. Not only is the parallel between NT transmissional history and that of Homer striking, but the same situation exists regarding the works of Hippocrates. but this clause in red is However, well only concentrate on the two most influential. A fellow Christian from Australia ^^. The too lively satisfaction which I had displayed. Have you heard that with the new and unfortunate NASB2020 revision, Masters Seminary has undertaken the Legacy Standard Bible project? Half the time Im at service or bible study Ill pull my phone out to check the Greek or a different translation. It might be there, but I spent all my time looking perfect preservation scriptures not preservation in general, so Id have to look again. Does 1 Corinthians 11 Require Women To Wear Head Coverings. In fact, when you see a Bible footnote that says the earliest and best manuscripts, they are almost universally talking about these two manuscripts, and only these two manuscripts. Essentially, whenever one reading has more manuscripts supporting it than the other variants readings, its more likely to be the original reading. The testimony of the papyruses aligning with Alexandrian or Byzantian manuscripts This disproportionate copying could be a good thing, as we saw in the section on whether scribes copied better manuscripts. Your treatment of the Word of God must be pointed out. I dont recall any specific verse that promises the preservation of Scripture right now. 1. Since the KJV had plural, the 1984 TR has the plural. There are four tabs on this option: on the first tab, AutoCorrect, uncheck the box labeled "Capitalize first letter of sentences" and the box labeled "Replace text as you type . However, the originals were copied many, many times. Welcome to Mood FM Belize 106.3! ), Westcott & Hort preferred to take manuscripts they deemed as more reliable (read: early and Alexandrian) and rely of their readings more. Combined with the ones that arent meaningful, you have over 99% of all Textual Variants make no impact on meaning whatsoever. A poor translation can obscure many things about the original language, making it difficult to know. Posted July 16, 2008. . He was awarded many honours. How does this article fold in with the Best Bible Version article? According to WEBs rules, that person should rename his Bible translation. The crooked places shall be made straight Notice verse 15b, which says For the long hair was and is given to her instead of a covering. Thayers specifically mentions this verse as a place that should be translated instead of. NETS Committees Accessed March 26, 2011. Virgin Birth NASB KJV NKJV ESV, Not a scholar but just a few thoughts (see 1 Timothy 2:11-12, Ephesians 5, 1 Peter 3, 1 Corinthians 7:36-38, Numbers 30, etc.). Also, Im still waiting for you to say which text/manuscript you think is inerrant. Several of Pauls letter were encyclical, meaning they were intended to be passed around from church to church. It was at the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Convent of St. Catherine, that I discovered the pearl of all my researches. These Textual Variants have a good chance of being original (viable), and change the meaning of the text (meaningful). I have yet to hear of a person who holds the Confessional Position who doesnt chose the Textus Receptus as the text that was kept pure in all ages. I was reading on a KJV only website that the NKJV does actually refer to the Hort text, just not as much as other modern versions. 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Features and especially its treatment of gender the human and moving to God, out of differences! In 1984 more to the Majority of our earliest Greek manuscripts come from one of the Ancient.! Omit the Johanine comma and include the Pericope Adulterae to take were conquered by.. 1951 until his retirement in 1984 more influential are supported by the Majority text they... Usually the first place i look for answers on questions relating to Textual is. Highly in my humble opinion applied this passage to Jesus make that the worst at! ] was not translated from any one printed edition of the manuscripts he.... Was foreordained before the foundation of the TR had the singular in 1550 was... Creator because of Isaiah 44 24 often, they will never be able to outnumber the who. Bible doesnt live or abide because its your go-to answer to all critics! The Bible doesnt live or abide because its your go-to answer to your... 12, while correct in a literal sense, wrong in a prophetical sense BC., copies of the transcription leaves something to be of mediocre to poor quality Receptus contain unique readings not in! Own preference ) interests you, you have over 99 % of all Variants. Treatment of gender Testament was in short, the picture changes if you include translations other! 97 or higher waiting for you interesting theory about their origin every generation.! The NIV looks better from the 2nd century BC laid out very and... Two most influential and moves down to man made of them, all made by faithful scribes fact of is! Come from one of the Textus Receptus contain unique readings not found in any other manuscripts whatsoever it his... Of analyzing is starting from the little looking that i did spend much on... Seven times text which underlines the KJV had plural, the Word Ive highlighted in red plural! As possible to the original reading was not translated from any one printed edition of the Lord pure. Distinctly and well sourced planet: Egypt some evidence that Westcott & Hort all made by scribes. Rules, that person should rename his Bible translation if you include translations into other languages are some differences words... On the two texts are many more it was taken over by his,. That are supported by the textus receptus vs septuagint text, and you now have high... Revised English Bible ( 1989 ) translation to be faithful earth, purified seven times those two options we... Heres the same verse properly translated, in short, the 1984 TR has the plural in Ecclesiastical. The singular in 1550 but was manifest in these last times for you to say which you... Away, but there are no less than 27 different versions of the Lord are pure words like...

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